Who was Nicolaus Copernicus? - Theory of Heliocentrism

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer born in February 1473 who realised that the Earth orbits the Sun. This idea was strongly opposed at the time as many people believed objects orbited around a central Earth.

The model proposed by Copernicus was called Heliocentrism.

What is Heliocentrism?

Heliocentrism ( helios means Sun ) is where the Sun is motionless at the centre with other planets rotating around it in circular paths. We now know that this is absolutely how things work, and it seems very obvious, but Copernicus didn’t have the tools we have today. His ideas marked the beginning of modern astronomy.

Facts about Nicolaus Copernicus

Copernicus was also a physician, scholar, economist, translator, mathematician and artist!
Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19th 1473.
His theory of Heliocentrism was proposed in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

The chemical element Copernicum (symbol Cn and atomic number 112 ) is named after Copernicus.
Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the great polymaths of his time. A polymath is someone brilliant at lots of different things. Aristotle, Archimedes and Leonardo Da Vinci were also great polymaths.

This easy activity helps children visualise how the Sun, Earth and Moon move around each other to demonstrate Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory.

Heliocentrism Activity for Kids

Materials

Black cardboard

Yellow, blue and grey paper or card

Stapler

Child with a cardboard hat with a picture of the sun for an activity learning about Copernicus and Heliocentrism.

Instructions

You’ll need three children to take part in the demonstration. One will be the Sun, one the Moon and one the Earth.

Make three hats to represent the Sun, Earth and Moon using cardboard and a stapler or glue.

Ask the Sun to stand in the centre and the Earth to walk around the Sun in a circle. The Moon should then walk around the Earth in a circle as the Earth circles the Sun.

More Heliocentrism Ideas

How many other planets can you add to your demonstration?

Try thinking about how long it takes the Moon to orbit the Earth and how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun and ask the children to change their walking speed to reflect this.

Create a moving model of the Sun and Earth to show how the Earth orbits around the Sun.