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    Home » Electricity for Kids » How to make an electromagnet

    How to make an electromagnet

    March 2, 2023 By Emma Vanstone Leave a Comment

    Electromagnets are electrically powered magnets that can be turned on and off. You can make your own electromagnet with a simple battery-powered circuit and a screwdriver or iron nail.

    As electricity flows through the wire coiled around the screwdriver, it creates a magnetic field which magnetizes the metal of the screwdriver.

    This activity should be supervised by an adult at all times. The circuit should be disconnected when not in use.

    What is an electromagnet?

    An electromagnet forms when the current flowing through a wire causes a magnetic field around the wire, which magnetises the metal inside the coil.

    The long coil of wire is called a solenoid.

    Diagram of a simple electromagnet

    How to increase the strength of an electromagnet.

    1. Increase the current going through the wire.
    2. Add more turns of wire to the solenoid.
    3. Use a soft iron core. Iron is used as it doesn’t stay magnetised when the current is turned off.

    Electromagnets have lots of uses as the magnet can be turned on and off as needed and can be made stronger or weaker.

    Electromagnets are often found in electric bells and loudspeakers and are useful for sorting rubbish and recycling.

    Electromagnets are also used in maglev trains. The trains are suspended above the track by magnets, which reduces the friction between the track and the train allowing it to travel very quickly!

    To make an electromagnet, you will need

    Paper clips to test

    Long wire

    Resistor

    Insulated tape

    Screwdriver – not already magnetic or iron nail

    Battery pack and batteries

    long wire, resistor, paperclips, screwdriver and battery pack for making an electromagnet

    How to make an electromagnet

    Attach one end of the long wire close to the handle of the screwdriver using tape.

    Coil the wire along the screwdriver as tightly as you can. Tape the wire in place.

    Connect the crocodile clips to the battery pack with a resistor between one of the connections.

    We used the resistor to reduce the current flowing around the circuit. Without the resistor, the batteries and wire got very hot quite quickly, so always disconnect the circuit when you’ve finished testing the electromagnet.

    Test the electromagnet by placing it near a paperclip. The paper clip should be attracted to the end of the screwdriver.

    Electromagnet made using a screwdriver, batteries and long wire.

    Extension Tasks

    Add more turns of wire to the screwdriver, this should make the magnetic field stronger.

    Make an electromagnet using an iron nail, does this work better?

    Image of an electromagnet

    If you enjoyed this activity, don’t forget to check out my other electricity and circuit activities for kids.

    Last Updated on March 3, 2023 by Emma Vanstone

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    Safety Notice

    Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

    These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

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