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Home » Key Stage 2 Science » Ramps, gradients and friction

Ramps, gradients and friction

Modified: Jan 12, 2023 · Published: Jun 9, 2015 by Emma Vanstone · This post may contain affiliate links · Leave a Comment

Today’s activity is all about ramps, gradients and friction. We’re going to investigate how the distance travelled by a toy car is affected by the gradient of the slope and the surface of the ramp.

You’ll need

A ramp – we used a shop bought ramp set, but you could make your own with cardboard or wood and a stack of blocks or books.

Carpet or another rough surface.

Cars – LEGO or DUPLO work well.

Chalk

Tape measure

ramp with two DUPLO cars at the top ready to race down for a gradient and friction investigation

Things to think about

We’re investigating two different things in this activity, so we need to be very careful to only test one at a time and keep the other variables constant.

Do not push the car, just let it go without any force behind it.

Method

How does gradient affect distance travelled?

Variables to keep constant

Use the same car and the same ramp.

Record the distance travelled using chalk by the car for three different gradients, what do you notice?

DUPLO cars at the top of a ramp covered in carpet for a friction investigation

How does the surface of the ramp affect distance travelled?

Keep the car and gradient constant this time, but record the distance travelled using a smooth and rough surface on your ramp. What do you notice?

The rough surface could be bubble wrap, carpet or a large sheet of felt.

Friction ramp

Gathering data

We repeated each test 3 times and found the average distance travelled by the cars then recorded the data in a table.

 Results

Our cars travelled further if the gradient was steeper, this is because a steeper gradient allows the car to pick up more speed.

The cars travelled less far when we used the carpet surface than when we used the smooth surface. This is because there is more friction between the car and the carpet than between the car and the smooth surface.

For younger children

Try pushing the car and comparing it with the distance travelled if the car is not pushed. Does the extra force make a difference?

Extension Activities

Is there a point where a steeper gradient makes the distance travelled smaller?

What happens if you change the surface at the bottom of the ramp?

What happens if you make the cars heavier?

Suitable for Key Stage 2

Forces and Magnets

Compare how things move on different surfaces

Working Scientifically

Last Updated on January 12, 2023 by Emma Vanstone

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Safety Notice

Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

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