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    Home » Primary Science » Key Stage 1 Science » Transport in Plants – Capillary Action

    Transport in Plants – Capillary Action

    March 31, 2016 By Emma Vanstone 2 Comments

    Have you ever wondered how water is transported up the stem of a plant against gravity? This transportation process is called transpiration. We can demonstrate transpiration with these easy transpiration experiments.

    You might also like our plant respiration and photosynthesis investigations.

    Transport in Plants – Transpiration

    Transpiration occurs when water on the surface leaf cells evaporates and then diffuses out of the leaf. This draws water out of the xylem cells inside the leaf to replace the evaporated water. Xylem cells form a continuous tube from the leaf to roots which acts like a drinking straw giving a flow of water from root to leaf.

    Transport in Plants – Capillary Action

    Transpiration helps another process called capillary action to take place, which is how water moves through a plant.

    Water molecules are attracted to the molecules of the inside of the stem. It is this attraction which helps force the water up from the ground and around the plant.

    Transpiration Experiment

    You can demonstrate capillary action and transpiration by placing a flower in a glass of coloured water. After a few hours the petals will turn the same colour as the water, this is because the coloured water is transported up the stem and into the petals.

    flowers coloured red by transpiration

    Transpiration Definition

    Transpiration is the movement of water through a plant and evaporation from leaves, stems and flowers.

    Water moves through the xylem vessels of a plant in a continuous transpiration stream.

    root – stem – leaf

    Functions of Transpiration – transport in plants

    Transport of mineral ions

    Transport of water to all parts of the plant, including leaf cells where it is needed for photosynthesis.

    Keeping leaves cool as water evaporates from the surface.

    What factors affect transpiration?

    There are three forces involved in this process of transporting water in plants.

    Adhesion allows water to stick to the organic tissues of a plant.

    Cohesion keeps  the water molecules together.

    Surface tension holding the water molecules together as they are transported through the plant.

    Capillary Action Definition

    Capillary action s the movement of a liquid through a narrow space as a result of cohesion, surface tension and adhesion.

    For capillary action to work, the adhesion force between the water and plant tissues must be stronger than the cohesion between water molecules.

    When a water molecule is more attracted to the plant, it is pulled towards the plant tissue, but as water molecules are highly attracted to each other the first molecule brings further water molecules with it.

    Plants use two different transport systems, both of which are rows of cells which form tubes around the plant.. The xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves while the phloem moves food substances from leaves to the rest of the plant.

    Plant Stem Model

    We used straws to make a very simplified model of a plant stem. The xylem is the centre yellow part and phloem the blue straws.

    model of a plant stem made with different coloured straws

    Easy capillary action experiment

    This simple experiment is a super easy and fun demonstration of capillary action and water transport in plants.

    Image of a tray of water and flowers made from paper ready to put in the water

    Materials

    Tray

    Water

    Paper – sugar paper works best

    Scissors

    flowers made from paper in a tray of water ready for a capillary action experiment

    Method

    Cut out several flower shapes from the sugar paper.

    Curl up the edges and place on the surface of the water.

    Watch as the flower opens up.

    How does capillary action work?

    Paper is made of lots of fibres, as they absorb the water they swell and the paper expands, which made the flower shapes open up.

    This process is called ‘capillary action’, the water uses this process to move along the tiny gaps in the fibres of the paper. It occurs due to the adhesive force between the water and the paper being stronger than the cohesive forces inside the water itself. This is the same process by which water travels from the root up the stem and to the petals of a plant.

    More transpiration experiment ideas

    The DK Website has some great plant facts for kids.

    We also used two syringes to show water travelling up the stem of a LEGO plant, which is quite a nice model for younger children.

    transpiration model made with lego and a syringe to show how water is sucked up the plant.

    Suitable for Key Stage 2 Science

    Plant Science

    Investigate the way in which water is transported within plants

    Collage of different plant science experiments for kids. Includes a straw stem model, a flower transpiration model and magic blooming flowers

    Last Updated on July 16, 2022 by Emma Vanstone

    « More coding with Cubetto
    Easy Flower Sensory Tray »

    Safety Notice

    Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

    These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

    Reader Interactions

    Comments

    1. Sarah @ Share it! Science

      April 06, 2016 at 9:05 pm

      I love the addition of using paper flower shapes to show capillary action- much more exciting than the traditional paper towel in a cup! Great idea with the LEGO model too. Thanks for sharing!

      Reply
    2. Debbie

      December 09, 2022 at 11:14 pm

      I can’t wait to do this with my preschool class in the Spring!

      Reply

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